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California’s Governor announced last Friday that voters will all be mailed ballots for the November election, making it the largest state so far to shift to vote-by-mail for 2020. The LA Times has more:

Citing public health concerns over millions of Californians showing up at voting locations this fall, Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday ordered ballots to be mailed to the state’s 20.6 million voters for the November election while insisting there will need to also be new rules for anyone who participates in person.

The decision makes California the first state in the nation to temporarily shift to all-mail voting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic — prompted, Newsom said, by the likelihood that public health conditions will not have improved to a level at which millions of people could show up on a single day to cast a ballot.

“There’s a lot of excitement around this November’s election in terms of making sure that you can conduct yourself in a safe way, and make sure your health is protected,” Newsom said during a midday event.

The decision was hailed by state and local election officials who shared the governor’s concerns about in-person balloting:

The decision to radically rethink the November election comes after a series of urgent requests and proposals made by lawmakers and local elections officials alike. Since the beginning of the coronavirus, health concerns have been raised in several states that have conducted in-person voting with turnout in November expected to be high.

“People are not going to want to go to an in-person voting site,” said Joseph Holland, the registrar of voters in Santa Barbara County and president of the California Assn. of Clerks and Elections Officials. “If you send voters a ballot in the mail, they’re more likely to vote than if they have to go to a polling place to vote.”

Local officials, who plan for elections months in advance, are eager to begin making preparations for November. The change to mailing every voter a ballot also will include a significant public education effort, especially for those voters who may not realize the documents that arrive are an actual ballot and not sample materials.

California Secretary of State Alex Padilla, the state’s chief elections officer, praised Newsom’s decision.

“It’s great for public health, it’s great for voting rights, it’s gonna be great for participation,” he said.

The decision will restore some degree of uniformity to a voting system that has recently varied significantly across counties:

California currently has a patchwork system for voting in person, one that varies by county. While the majority of local governments offer traditional polling places on election day, 14 counties already mail a ballot to every voter under provisions of a 2016 law that swaps new “vote centers” for traditional neighborhood polling places. L.A. County, the only place allowed to enact that system without mailing all voters a ballot this year, is already poised to do so for November after the March primary saw widespread problems, including long lines at in-person vote centers that are now being investigated by auditors.

Some advocates are concerned about the costs – a running problem for counties trying to keep up with state mandates:

The change in Los Angeles will add 2 million voters to the ranks of Californians who participate from home or another location. While elections officials expect that private companies hired to print ballots will be able to meet the demand, they and election advocates remain concerned about the increased cost. California has often imposed new election mandates — extra days for ballots to arrive in the mail, postage-paid envelopes, additional steps to verify signatures or unsigned absentee envelopes — without providing funding.

“Elections have been an unfunded mandate and this is going to be an even bigger expense for counties,” said Kim Alexander, president of the nonprofit California Voter Foundation…

The cost of mailing everyone a ballot could also be daunting, and locals have often complained that the state has expanded access to voting while not providing sufficient funds for the counties to do the work. And because voter turnout is traditionally higher in general elections, a temporary shift to all-mail voting could create significant new challenges in funding and logistics.

The decision also raises issues about how counties will handle voters who need or want to cast votes in person:

Legislators had introduced bills to require ballots mailed to all voters prior to Newsom’s action on Friday. His decision to impose the change by executive order expedites the effort by state and local officials. But his directive leaves a key question unanswered: What provisions will be made for voters who still want or need to vote in person?

Advocates for disabled voters and communities of color say the state will need to maintain a robust set of options for those who want to vote in person in the days leading up to the election as well as on election day.

“Reductions to in-person voting raise very real concerns for disenfranchisement, particularly for communities that already face barriers to voting, such as voters with limited-English proficiency, voters with disabilities, and voters who are underrepresented and rely on in-person voting at higher rates, Latino, and young voters,” Raúl Macías, an attorney for the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, wrote in a letter to Newsom last month…

Newsom said Friday that in-person voting options will remain an important part of the November election.

“We still want to have the appropriate number of physical sites for people to vote as well,” he said.

For now, the governor’s plan remains flexible – which local officials appreciate because of the continuing uncertainty about COVID-19, but makes state legislators wary:

Newsom’s executive order doesn’t lay out a specific set of rules for in-person voting, but urges state officials to craft a plan by the end of this month.

Holland said it’s important for counties to have as much flexibility as possible, given the possibility that new outbreaks in coronavirus cases could develop in the final weeks leading up to the election. “We really don’t need the Legislature telling us there’s a strict formula, when we may not be able to meet it,” he said.

Assemblyman Marc Berman (D-Palo Alto), who wrote a recently introduced bill to mail a ballot to every voter, said state officials should work closely to address those concerns. But he said he’s “not comfortable” with too loose of a statewide standard.

“I think that we can create a plan for the November election to provide flexibility,” Berman said. “Counties, though, will need to show us that they tried their best to achieve it” before considering case-by-case issues.

This is clearly a very significant development in the nationwide policy conversation about the role of vote-by-mail as a response to elections in the time of coronavirus. California’s move to shift its voting system to a primarily VBM model, while in one sense just an extension of a recent trend in the Golden State, will require confronting policy and fiscal challenges – and require aggressive voter outreach – in order to work in November. Stay tuned …

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